down syndrome meaning

Down Syndrome Definition. The incidence of leukemia is increased and onset of Alzheimer disease is almost inevitable by age 40. A simple design with a lot of meaning behind it is uniting parents of children with Down syndrome, symbolizing both their strength as individuals and the common bond they share.. Piracetam can be obtained via the Internet but is not recommended by mainstream medical practitioners. Lenticular opacities and heart disease are common. 1. The level of mental retardation is considered to be mild-to-moderate in Down syndrome. a congenital condition characterized by physical malformations and some degree of mental retardation; it was formerly known as mongolism because the patient's facial characteristics resemble those of persons of the Mongolian race. Genes determine how you form and develop growing in the womb and after birth. The abnormalities include mental retardation, retarded growth, flat hypoplastic face with short nose, prominent epicanthic skin folds, small low-set ears with prominent antihelix, fissured and thickened tongue, laxness of joint ligaments, pelvic dysplasia, broad hands and feet, stubby fingers, and transverse palmar crease. These results are only predictions, and are only correct about 60% of the time. My wife is 16 weeks pregnant. Down syndrome is a genetic condition that causes mild to serious physical and developmental problems. A congenital disorder caused by the presence of an extra 21st chromosome and marked usually by moderate to severe intellectual disabilities, short stature, and a flattened facial profile. ", Tyler, C., and J. C. Edman. It is also sold to skiers and mountain climbers as a remedy for loss of concentration at high altitudes. ", Prasher, V., A. Farooq, and R. Holder. And none are 100 percent proof-positive; they simply turn up statistically more often in babies who have Down syndrome … "Trisomy 21 and Rett Syndrome: A Double Burden. Beers, Mark H., MD, and Robert Berkow, MD, editors. At 14-17 weeks of pregnancy, measurements of a substance called AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) can be performed. Some community groups exist to help families deal with the emotional effects of this new information, and to help plan for the baby's future. Short neck 4. 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857-0001. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that results in an extra copy of chromosome 21. Down syndrome is sometimes called trisomy 21, because people with Down syndrome have three number 21 chromosomes. See the full definition for Down syndrome in the English Language Learners Dictionary. Now, at the age of 37 she's pregnant again. Women with Down syndrome, however, are fully capable of having babies. Leshin, Lem, MD. Nondisjunction results in an embryo with three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two. "Congenital Anomalies." Other medical conditions that occur in patients with Down syndrome include an increased chance of developing infections, especially ear infections and. It was first described in 1866 by Dr. John L. H. Down (1828–1896), an English physician. A syndrome is a group of different things that can happen in your body. One cell divides abnormally, creating a line of cells with an extra chromosome 21. It was first described in 1866 by Dr. John L. H. Down (1828–1896), an English physician. When a baby is conceived by the combining of one sperm cell with one egg cell, the baby receives 23 chromosomes from each parent, for a total of 46 chromosomes. Another relatively rare genetic accident which can cause Down syndrome is called translocation. This educational practice is called mainstreaming or inclusion. For example, heart defects will many times require surgical repair, as will duodenal atresia. Carrying a baby with Down syndrome often causes AFP to be lower than normal. A chromosome is a structure that contains genes, which are made up of your DNA. Definition Down syndrome (DS) is the most common cause of mental retardation and malformation in a newborn. The majority of cases of Down syndrome occur due to an extra chromosome 21 within the egg cell supplied by the mother (nondisjunction). Down syndrome (DS) is the most common cause of mental retardation and malformation in a newborn. Furthermore, a number of physical signs may be present. This extra chromosome results in small stature and low muscle tone, among other characteristics. It occurs most frequently in children born to mothers over age 35. Down syndrome (or Down's syndrome) has replaced earlier terms, such as mongolism to refer to the disease and Mongoloid or Mongol to refer to the affected person, all of which are now considered offensive. Test Your Knowledge - and learn some interesting things along the way. The average IQ of a young adult with Down syndrome is 50, equivalent to the mental age of an 8- or 9-year-old child, but it truly depends on the person. A birth defect that allows a person to have eyes that look swollen, fingers that are a little meatier than usual, and they might have difficulties learning. Can you spell these 10 commonly misspelled words? Definition of Down syndrome : a congenital condition characterized especially by developmental delays, usually mild to moderate impairment in cognitive functioning, short stature, upward slanting eyes, a flattened nasal bridge, broad hands with short fingers, decreased muscle tone, and by trisomy of the human chromosome numbered 21 “Down syndrome.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Down%20syndrome. Down syndrome is named after the English doctor, John Langdon Down, who was the first to categorize the common features of people with the condition. But these tests can't tell for sure or diagnose whether the baby has Down syndrome. A carrier conveys the genetic defect to the next generation but does not actually have the disorder. It is usually associated with physical growth delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and characteristic facial features. Down syndrome is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome number 21 in the cells of the developing baby. Most babies are born with 23 pairs of chromosomes within each cell for a total of 46. 'Nip it in the butt' or 'Nip it in the bud'. The only way to definitively establish (with about 98-99% accuracy) the presence or absence of Down syndrome in a developing baby, is to test tissue from the pregnancy itself. Trisomy 21 (Down) syndrome is associated with a major risk for heart malformations, a lesser risk of duodenal atresia (part of the small intestines is … ‘In Down's syndrome, an extra copy of chromosome number 21 is included when the sperm and the egg come together to form the embryo.’ ‘For that reason society offers testing for Down's syndrome, haemophilia, cystic fibrosis, and a range of other genetic conditions.’ Learn the words you need to communicate with confidence. Syndrome, trisomy 21: A common chromosome disorder, often called Down syndrome, due to an extra chromosome number 21 (trisomy 21).The chromosome abnormality affects both the physical and intellectual development of the individual. People with mosaic Down syndrome have a mixture of cells. A piece of the 21 chromosome then becomes attached to another chromosome. National Down Syndrome Congress. While some decades ago, all Down syndrome children were quickly placed into institutions for lifelong care. is it linked to down syndrome? Fax: (203) 798-2291. The baby often vomits forcibly after feeding, and cannot gain weight appropriately until the defect is repaired. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused when abnormal cell division results in an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. Treatment is directed at addressing the individual concerns of a particular patient. "Down Syndrome, Turner Syndrome, and Klinefelter Syndrome: Primary Care throughout the Life Span.". The extra chromosome in Down syndrome is labeled number 21. Protruding tongue 5. In a very rare number of Down syndrome cases (about 1-2%), the original egg and sperm cells are completely normal. Screening tests are used to estimate the chance that an individual woman will have a baby with Down syndrome. The abnormalities include mental retardation, retarded growth, flat hypoplastic face with short nose, prominent epicanthic skin folds, small low-set ears with prominent antihelix, fissured and thickened tongue, laxness of joint ligaments, pelvic dysplasia, broad hands and feet, stubby fingers, and transverse palmar crease. This disorder, called duodenal atresia, interferes with the baby's milk or formula leaving the stomach and entering the intestine for digestion. Characteristic physical signs may be unusually high or low with certain disorders contains! Equal number of physical signs of Down syndrome in the butt ' or 'nip it in the treatment Down! Weaving, P. 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